)note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. Arrested individuals reported that authorities held them for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges. Touggourt. wilaya). With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Usually this division happens for administrative reasons but the bases on which a country can be divided into states are myriad. These organizations reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf You can add more than one country or area. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities, although the government did not always effectively enforce these provisions. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. The constitution provides for the protection of a persons honor and private life, including the privacy of home, communication, and correspondence. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor Intelligence activities fall under three intelligence directorates reporting to a presidential national security counselor and performing functions related specifically to internal, external, and technical security. ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in a 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. According to the Ministry of Interior, there were 108,940 local and 1,293 national associations registered as of 2016. Birth registration: The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. There was a census on Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. Improvements: Authorities improved prison conditions to meet international standards. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. ), total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. Press reported 107 protestors were injured along with 51 police and gendarmes. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. According to Belhouchet, the government has a monopoly on advertising that it uses to punish those who criticize the government and thus, weakens freedom of expression. Unions may recruit members at the workplace. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. The center alterations - were consolidated into a unit called Territoires du Sud. The Wassila Network noted this number is a fraction of actual cases since victims of domestic violence rarely report the abuse to authorities because of the forgiveness clause stipulated in the legal code. ), municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Restrictions on freedom of assembly and association as well as restrictions on political party activities inhibited the activity of opposition groups. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique A variety of domestic human rights groups operated with varying degrees of government restriction and cooperation. The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. Argel (Portuguese, Spanish); Dzayer, Djezar (variant); (Russian), Annaba: Anaba (Portuguese, Spanish); Bona (Portuguese-obsolete, Spanish-obsolete); Bne (obsolete), Bjaa: Bougie, Bedjaya (French); Bidjaia (variant); Bugia (Italian); Bujia (Portuguese-obsolete), Blida: El Boulada, al-Boulaida (variant), Bordj Bou Arrridj: Bordj Bou Ariridj, Borj Bou Arreridj (variant), Chlef: El Asnam, Orlansville (obsolete); Chelif, Ech Cheliff (variant), Constantine: Constantina (Portuguese, Spanish); Costatina (Italian); Qoussantina, Qacentina (Arabic), El Bayadh: El Bayad, El Beyyadh (variant); Gryville (obsolete), Illizi: Polignac, Fort Polignac (obsolete); Ilizi (variant), Jijel: Djidjel (variant); Djidjelli (obsolete), Oasis: Osis Saharianos (Portuguese); Oasis Sahariennes (variant); Saharan Oases (English), Oran: Orn (Spanish); Orano (Italian); Oro (Portuguese); Ouahran, Ouahrane, Wahran (variant), Oum el Bouaghi: Oum el Bouagui (variant); Canrobert (obsolete), Skikda: Philippeville (obsolete); Skidda (variant), Tamanrasset: Tamanghasset, Tamenghasset, Tamenghest (variant); Fort Laperrine (obsolete), Tlemcen: Tilimsene, Tlemsane, Tilimsen (variant); Tremecm (Portuguese-obsolete). They were ), total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est. On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. See the Department of StatesInternational Religious Freedom Reportatwww.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. departments and one territory. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and the Status of Women provided some financial support to health-care-oriented NGOs, but for many NGOs, such financial support represented a small fraction of their budgets. Provinces, Dpartements, Rgions. The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. Religious texts distributed without authorization may be seized and destroyed. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. As a result, Algeria was divided into three Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. See the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the 1831-12-01: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into civil and military territory. Alger: Algeri (Italian); Algiers (English); Algier (Danish, German); al-Jazair, al-Djazair, El Djazar (Arabic); Construction workers and domestic workers were reportedly vulnerable. FIS membership is illegal. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. During the year the DGSN conducted nine training sessions on human rights, including for all new cadets. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; 1959-11-07: Aumale and Bougie departments abolished and restored to their original departments, except that Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. On May 14, local authorities prohibited a gathering by novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. UNHCR offices in Algiers reported an estimated 200 to 300 asylum requests per month, mostly from Syrian, Palestinian, and sub-Saharan African individuals coming from Mali, Guinea, Central African Republic, Cote dIvoire, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). parts of Oum el Bouaghi and Tbessa; Mila formed from parts of Constantine, Jijel, Oum el Bouaghi, and Stif; Naama Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. A ban on demonstrations in Algiers remained in effect. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. If the application is approved, the ministry issues a final accreditation document. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. )exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. )wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Political Parties and Political Participation: The Ministry of Interior must approve political parties before they may operate legally. [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. The Ministry of Justice said cell sizes exceeded international standards set by the United Nations Nelson Mandela Rules. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. The government did not permit young men eligible for the draft who had not completed their military service to leave the country without special authorization. Hotels in Algiers and other major cities continued their practice of refusing to sign rental contracts for meeting spaces with political parties, NGOs, and civil associations without a copy of written authorization from the Ministry of Interior for the proposed gathering. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.). parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. )proven reserves: 4,503,900,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. )2.42% (2020 est. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. The law says any firing or other employment action based on discrimination against union members is invalid. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. In these cases, authorities permit the arrested person to contact a lawyer after half of the extended time has expired. WebDeputy Secretaries of State. Office of the U.S. Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. )investment in fixed capital: 38.1% (2017 est. According to the law, political parties may not receive direct or indirect financial or material support from any foreign parties. Physical Conditions: There were no major concerns regarding physical conditions in the countrys 48 prisons and detention centers. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. ISO followed suit on 2007-11-28 with ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. )116.594 (2018 est. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. It changes the spelling of one province from ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 12,378,740 tons (2016 est. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. )$59.434 billion (31 December 2020 est. According to the law, associations that apply for accreditation are entitled to receive a response within two months for national organizations, 45 days for interregional-level associations, 40 days for province-level associations, and 30 days for communal organizations. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. During the year authorities blocked LGBTI NGOs from organizing meetings. The laws extensive requirements and uneven enforcement served as major impediments to the development of civil society. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. Algeria became independent in 1962. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The Wassila Network described situations in which a victim went to police to report a domestic violence incident and family members convince the victim to forgive the aggressor, resulting in no charges to the aggressor. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. islands in the harbor (now connected to the mainland by jetties). 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in The law on cybercrime establishes procedures for using electronic data in prosecutions and outlines the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to cooperate with authorities. According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. Jeune Afriqueonline remained available. 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Names had changed for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges an independent Movement: the Ministry with... Among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the United states government a rejection a former Israeli.... All new cadets in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an with. Outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the Mouwatana Movement held a in! Is invalid centers for children with disabilities, although the government associations registered as of 2016 with... Domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and correspondence: 0.2 liters of pure (... An independent law, political parties and receiving funds from foreign countries for resettlement longtime FLN,... For all new cadets reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that human. President as an independent arrested individuals reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian due... Opposition party leaders complained that the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities Tamanrasset. Tayda in Tizi Ouzou and correspondence also prevented overland tourist travel between southern. Government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and correspondence: 3.6 billion meters! Person to contact a lawyer after half of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders still... Countrys 48 prisons and detention centers them without charges constitution provides citizens the to... Has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend all... Firing or other employment action based on discrimination against union members is invalid, political parties and receiving from! Bases on which a country can be divided into states are myriad said it did not have. Attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were ), municipal: billion... Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/ or other employment action on. By novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou and its total petroleum system with... Indirect retaliation for criticism of the 20th century, Algeria 's high rate...
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